Historically, community-based women's organizations in Iran have responded to a variety of needs in nomadic, rural, and urban settings. In nomadic communities, rapidly settled since the early 1990s, basic needs have been the reason for the rise of these organizations. In rural areas, where incomes are generally seasonal, it has been the requirements of steady income. Given the complexity and variety of needs in urban areas, many factors have shaped women's associations.

Among the nomads of Iran, the shīrvāra has been the most significant community-based women's organizati…