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Unknown author; probably Raol, a Norman-French priest Date of Birth: Unknown Place of Birth: Unknown; possibly Normandy Date of Death: Unknown; latter part of the 12th century Place of Death: Unknown Biography Raol was a Norman-French priest who wrote an account of the northern European crusading expedition that helped King Afonso I Henriques of Portugal (1128-85) conquer the city of Lisbon in October 1147. This was a temporary stop for the crusaders who were en route to the main target of the campaign in the Levant. This work…

The conquest of Lisbon De expugnatione Lyxbonensi Date: 1147 or soon after Original Language: Latin Description The modern English edition and translation is 65 pages of Latin, with an opposing-page translation. The work, in the form of an epistolary narrative, is primarily a description of the conquest of Lisbon (October 1147) by an army of northern European crusaders during the Second Crusade. It was probably written originally as a diary and then shaped into its literary form of an epistolary narrative during the winter of…