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Ḥamdān Qarmaṭ
(867 words)
Ḥamdān Qarmaṭ b. al-Ashʿath was the leader of the Qarmatian movement in the
sawād (rural district) of Kufa. Al-Ṭabarī (3:2125) has Karmītah, which is supposed to mean “red-eyed.” The diminutive form Qarmāṭūya is used by al-Nawbakhtī and Niẓām al-Mulk. Originally a carrier (who transported goods on oxen) from the village of al-Dūr in the
ṭassūj (subdistrict) of Furāt Bādaqlā (east of Kufa), he was converted to the early Ismāʿīlī movement by the
dāʿī (propagandist) al-Ḥusayn al-Ahwāzī. The date 264/878 given for …
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2020-12-18
al-Aʿrāf
(474 words)
al-Aʿrāf (pl. of
ʿurf, “elevated place”, “crest”), appears in an eschatological judgement scene in Qurʾān 7:46, where a dividing wall is spoken of, which separates the dwellers of Paradise from the dwellers of Hell, and men “who are on the
al-aʿrāf and recognise each by his marks” (Q 7:48, “those of the
…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2020-12-18
Buluggīn b. Zīrī
(558 words)
Buluggīn (standard Ar., Buluqqīn)
b. Zīrī b. Manād (d. 373/984), was the first Zīrid ruler of Ifrīqiya. For distinction in the service of the Fāṭimids as
…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2020-12-18
Nāʾīn
(596 words)
Nāʾīn (Nāyin) is a small town (lat. N 32°52′ long. E 53°05′, elev. 1,408 metres) on the southwestern edge of the Great Desert of central Iran, on the road connecting Yazd with Isfahan and Qum. The town, known for its large citadel and its congregational mosque, seems to have had a pre-Islamic history, but nothing is known of it. The mediaeval Islamic geographers place it in the
…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2020-12-18
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAbdallāh al-Ghāfiqī
(367 words)
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAbdallāh al-Ghāfiqī (d. 114/732) served twice as governor (
wālī) of al-Andalus. The first time, in 102/721, he was elected by the
jund (army) and held office for about two months as interim governor after the death of al-Samḥ b. Mālik al-Khawlānī on 8 Dhū l-Ḥijja 102/9 June 721, while on an expedition in the south of France. T…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2020-12-18
al-Thamīnī, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz
(721 words)
ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Ibrāhīm b. ʿAbdallāh b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz
al-Thamīnī al-Yasjanī (b. c.1130/1718, d. 1223/1808), known as Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn, was a celebrated Ibāḍī scholar from the Mzāb, a group of oases in present-day northeastern Algeria. His genealogy goes back, like that of Muḥammad b. Yūsuf Aṭfayyish (d. 1332/1914), to ʿUmar b. Ḥafṣ al-Hintātī (d. 571/1175–6), forebear of the Ḥafṣids, who ruled Tunisia from the seventh/thirteenth to the tenth/sixteenth century; by another account he was descended from the ca…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2020-12-18
Afshīn
(791 words)
Afshīn was a title borne by a family of Central Asian rulers, dating from pre-Islamic times; one of these rulers, known in Arabic sources as al-Afshīn (d. 226/841), became a military leader under the caliphs al-Maʾmūn (r. 198–218/813–833) and al-Muʿtaṣim (r. 218–27/833–42). The rulers of Ushrūsana, the mountainous district between Samarqand and Khujanda (Barthold, 165–9), bore this title, and al-Yaʿqūbī (
Taʾrīkh, 2:479) lists the Afshīn of “Usrūshana” among the chiefs of Transoxania and Central Asia that pledged nominal loyalty to the caliph al-Mahdī. Th…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2020-12-18
